Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields
Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Chapter–3: Current Electricity
Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter
Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction
Chapter–7: Alternating Current
Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves
Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Chapter–10: Wave Optics
Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Chapter–12: Atoms
Chapter–13: Nuclei
Chapter–14: Semiconductor
Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple circuit
Chapter–1: Electric Charges and Fields
■ Electric charges. ■ Conservation of charge. ■ Coulomb's law-force between two pint charges. ■ Forces between multiple charges; (superposition principle and continuous charge distribution). ■ Electric field. ■ Electric field due to a point charge. ■ Electric field lines. ■ Electric dipole. ■ Electric field due to a dipole. ■ Torque on a dipole in uniform electric field. ■ Electric flux. ■ Statement of Gauss's theorem. ■ Its applications to find fielddue to infinitely long straight wire . ■ Uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside).
Chapter–2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
■ Electric potential. ■ Potential difference. ■ Electric potential due to a point charge. ■ A dipole and system of charges; (equipotential surfaces,electrical ■ potential energy of a system of two-point charges ■ Electric dipole in an electrostatic field.) ■ Conductors and insulators, ■ Free charges and bound charges inside a Conducter. ■ Dielectrics and electric polarization. ■ Capacitors and capacitance. ■ Combination of capacitors in series and in parallel. ■ Capacitance of a parallelplate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates. ■ Energy stored in a capacitor (no derivation, formulae only).
Chapter–3: Current Electricity
■ Electric current. ■ Flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor. ■ Drift. ■ velocity. ■ Mobility and their relation with electric current; ( Ohm's law,-I ■ characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power). ■ Electrical resistivity and conductivity. ■ Temperature dependence of resistance. ■ Internal resistance of a cell. ■ potential difference and emf of a cell. ■ combination of cells in series and in parallel. ■ Kirchhoff's rules. ■ Wheatstone bridge.
Chapter–4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
■ Concept of magnetic field. ■ Oersted's experiment. ■ Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. ■ Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. ■ Straight ■ solenoid (only qualitative treatment). ■ force on a moving charge in uniform. ■ magnetic and electric fields. ■ Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. ■ force ■ Between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere. ■ Torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; Current loop ■ As a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. ■ moving coil galvanometer- its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
Chapter–5: Magnetism and Matter
■ Bar magnet. ■ Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment only). ■ magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet)along. ■ Its axis and perpendicular to its axis (qualitative treatment only), ■ torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field (qualitative ,treatment only). ■ magnetic field lines. ■ Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia- and ferro - magnetic substances with examples, Magnetization of materials, effect of temperature on magnetic properties.
Chapter–6: Electromagnetic Induction
■ Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's laws, induced EMF and current;Lenz's Law, Self and mutual induction.
Chapter–7: Alternating Current
■ Alternating currents. ■ peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit (phasors only). ■ resonance. ■ power in AC circuits, power factor, wattless current. ■ AC generator. ■ Transformer.
Chapter–8: Electromagnetic Waves
■ Basic idea of displacement current. ■ Electromagnetic waves. ■ Their characteristics. ■ Their transverse nature (qualitative idea only). ■ Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves,infrare,visible ,ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.
Chapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
■ Ray Optics: Reflection of light. ■ spherical mirrors, mirror formula. ■ Refraction of light. ■ Total internal reflection and optical fibers. ■ Refractionspherical. ■ surfaces. ■ Lenses. ■ Thin lens formula. ■ Lens maker’s formula. ■ Magnification. ■ power of a lens. ■ combination of thin lenses in contact. ■ Refraction of light. ■ Through a prism. ■ Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.
Chapter–10: Wave Optics
■ Wave optics: Wave front and Huygen’s principle. ■ Reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts. ■ Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle. ■ Interference. ■ Young'sdouble slit experiment and expression for fringe width (No derivation final expression only), ■ Coherent sources and sustained interference of light. ■ Diffraction due to a single slit. ■ Width of central maxima (qualitative treatment only).
Chapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
■ Dual nature of radiation. ■ Photoelectric effect. ■ Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light. ■ Experimental study of photoelectric effect Matter waves-wave nature of particles. ■ De-Broglie relation.
Chapter–12: Atoms
■ Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr ■ model of hydrogen atom. ■ Expression for radius of nth possible orbit. ■ velocity and energy of electron in nth orbit. ■ hydrogen line spectra (qualitative ,treatment only).
Chapter–13: Nuclei
■ Composition and size of nucleus. ■ Nuclear force Mass-energy relation. ■ Mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission. ■ Nuclear fusion.
Chapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics
■ Materials. ■ Devices and Simple Circuits Energy bands in conductor. ■ semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only) Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors- p and n type. ■ p-n junction. ■ Semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias. ■ Application of junction diode -diode as a rectifie.
homeWhat is an Electric Charge?
Definition:- Electric charge can be defined as a fundamental property of subatomic particles that gives rise to the phenomenon of experiencing force in the presence of electric and magnetic fields. These fields exert influence on charged particles, resulting in observable effects.
(विद्युत आवेश, पदार्थ का एक भौतिक गुण है. यह इलेक्ट्रॉनों के स्थानांतरण से उत्पन्न होता है. विद्युत आवेश को इलेक्ट्रोस्टैटिक आवेश भी कहा जाता है. इसका प्रतीक q है. )
type of charge
There are two types of electrical charge: positive and negative electric charges. If an object is positively charged, it is electron deficient. If an object is negatively charged, it has an excess of electrons.
(फ़िज़िक्स में, विद्युत आवेश दो तरह के होते हैं: धनात्मक आवेश, ऋणात्मक आवेश. विद्युत आवेश, पदार्थ का वह गुण है जिसके कारण वह आवेश रहित हल्की वस्तुओं को अपनी ओर आकर्षित करता है.)
Positive and negitive charge
coulomb's law
Definition :-
According to Coulomb's law, the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged bodies is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
(दो स्थिर बिंदु आवेशों के बीच लगने वाला आकर्षण या प्रतिकर्षण बल दोनों आवेशों के परिणामों के गुणनफल के अनुक्रमानुपाती तथा दूरी के वर्ग के व्युत्क्रमानुपाती होता है।)